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Mars’ magnetic field emerged earlier and lasted longer than previously thought

Mars’ magnetic field emerged earlier and lasted longer than previously thought

Science
May 1 (UPI) -- Mars' ancient magnetic field emerged earlier and persisted for longer than scientists previously thought, according to a new study. On Earth, the churn of molten metal deep in its core fuel's a powerful magnetic field. The phenomenon is what's known as dynamo. The Red Planet's dynamo has long been extinct, but new analysis -- published this week in the journal Science Advances -- suggests it was active for longer than researchers thought. "We find that the Martian dynamo operated at 4.5 billion and 3.7 billion years ago," first study author Anna Mittelholz, postdoctoral fellow in the University of British Columbia's department of earth, ocean and atmospheric sciences, said in a news release. "Dynamo timing is a big part of a planet's evolution, and what we find is very dif...
Life may have first emerged in phosphorous-rich lakes

Life may have first emerged in phosphorous-rich lakes

Science
Dec. 30 (UPI) -- Phosphorous is one of the six main chemical ingredients necessary for life. Phosphorous atoms form DNA and RNA molecules, the building blocks of life's genetic code, but until now, scientists assumed the element was in short supply on primordial Earth. In a new study, published Monday in the journal PNAS, scientists provide evidence that ancient soda lakes could have provided sufficient levels of phosphorous to spawn life. Soda lakes, sometimes called alkaline lakes, are lakes featuring high rates of evaporation. The water left behind is salty and features a high pH, or low acidity. Samples collected from soda lakes across the world showed the carbonate-rich water can boast up to 50,000 times the levels of phosphorous found in the ocean. "In most lakes, phosphate is limi...
Arsenal news: Players will be ‘reminded of their responsibilities’ after ‘hippy crack’ video emerged

Arsenal news: Players will be ‘reminded of their responsibilities’ after ‘hippy crack’ video emerged

Sports
Warned Mesut Ozil, Alexandre Lacazette, Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang and Matteo Guendouzi were among the players who appeared to be inhaling nitrous oxide at party in August Arsenal players, including Mesut Ozil, Alexandre Lacazette and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, will be reminded of their responsibilities, the club have said. This comes after a number of first team stars were filmed appearing to inhale nitrous oxide and passing out in a private room inside a London club before the start of the season. The footage obtained by The Sun shows Ozil, Lacazette, Aubameyang and Matteo Guendouzi at the centre of a ‘hippy crack’ binge. Aubameyang can be seen with a balloon in his mouth A club spokesman said: “The players will b...
Photosynthesis emerged a billion years earlier than previously thought

Photosynthesis emerged a billion years earlier than previously thought

Science
March 6 (UPI) -- According to new research, ancient microbes were performing photosynthesis as much as one billion years earlier than previously thought.Photosynthesis -- the ability to convert the sun's rays into usable energy, and in the process produce oxygen -- kickstarted early evolution, paving the way for more complex organisms. But scientists haven't been able to agree on when organisms first developed the ability.Many scientists believe anoxygenic photosynthesis evolved earliest. Anoxygenic photosynthesis involves the splitting of hydrogen sulfide, or minerals such as iron, and doesn't produce oxygen. The theory holds that cyanobacteria capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis, which split water and yields oxygen, came later, some 2.4 to 3 billion years ago.The research of Ta...